Mhedziso yekuvandudzwa uye kushandiswa kweindasitiri yekuchengetedza simba.
1. Nhanganyaya kune teknolojia yekuchengetedza simba.
Kuchengetedza simba ndiko kuchengetedza kwesimba. Inoreva matekinoroji anoshandura chimiro chimwe chesimba kuita chimiro chakatsiga ndokuchichengeta. Vanobva vaisunungura mune imwe fomu kana ichidiwa. Yakasiyana misimboti yekuchengetedza simba yakakamura kuita matatu marudzi: mechanical, electromagnetic, uye electrochemical. Imwe neimwe yemhando yekuchengetedza simba ine yayo yega simba renji, hunhu, uye mashandisiro.
Simba rekuchengetedza mhando | Rated power | Rated simba | Hunhu | Zviitiko zvekushandisa | |
Mechanical Energy Storage | 抽水 储能 | 100-2,000MW | 4-10h | Chiyero chikuru, teknolojia yakakura; kunonoka kupindura, kunoda zviwanikwa zvenzvimbo | Mutoro wemutoro, frequency control uye system backup, grid kugadzikana kutonga. |
压缩 空气储能 | IMW-300MW | 1-20h | Yakakura-yakakura, yakakura tekinoroji; kunonoka kupindura, kudiwa kwezviwanikwa zvenzvimbo. | Peak shaving, system backup, grid kugadzikana kutonga | |
飞轮 储能 | kW-30MW | 15s-30 min | High chaiyo simba, mutengo mukuru, ruzha ruzha | Kuchinja / kusimba kudzora, frequency control, voltage control, UPS uye bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza. | |
Electromagnetic Energy Storage | 超导 储能 | kW-1MW | 2s-5min | Kukurumidza kupindura, yakakwirira chaiyo simba; mutengo mukuru, kugadzirisa kwakaoma | Kuchinja / kusimba kutonga, frequency control, simba remhando yekudzora, UPS uye bhatiri rekuchengetedza simba |
超级 电容 | kW-1MW | 1-30s | Kukurumidza kupindura, yakakwirira chaiyo simba; mutengo mukuru | Simba remhando yekudzora, UPS uye bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza | |
Electrochemical Energy Storage | 铅酸 电池 | kW-50MW | 1min-3 h | Tekinoroji yakakura, mutengo wakaderera; hupenyu hupfupi, matambudziko ekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza | Power station backup, dema kutanga, UPS, simba chiyero |
液流 电池 | kW-100MW | 1-20h | Mazhinji mabhatiri ekutenderera anosanganisira yakadzika kuchaja uye kuburitsa. Izvo zviri nyore kusanganisa, asi zvine simba shoma density | Inovhara simba rehutano. Inovharawo simba rekuchengetedza. Inovharawo peak kuveura uye kuzadza mupata. Inovharawo simba rekutonga uye renewable simba rekuchengetedza. | |
钠硫 电池 | 1kW-100MW | Maawa | High chaiyo simba, mutengo mukuru, mashandiro ekuchengetedza nyaya dzinoda kuvandudzwa. | Hunhu hwesimba ipfungwa imwe. A backup simba rekupa imwe. Zvadaro, pane peak kuveura uye kuzadza mupata. Energy manejimendi ndeimwewo. Pakupedzisira, kune renewable simba rekuchengetedza. | |
锂离子 电池 | kW-100MW | Maawa | Yakanyanya simba simba, mutengo unodzikira sezvo mutengo wemabhatiri e-lithium-ion unodzikira | Kuchinja / kusimba kudzora, frequency control, voltage control, UPS uye bhatiri simba rekuchengetedza. |
Hune zvakanakira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kushomeka kunobva ku geography. Ivo zvakare vane nguva pfupi yekuvaka uye yakakwirira simba density. Nekuda kweizvozvo, electrochemical simba rekuchengetedza rinogona kushandiswa nyore. Inoshanda munzvimbo dzakawanda dzekuchengetedza simba. Ndiyo tekinoroji yekuchengetedza simba. Iine huwandu hwakakura hwekushandisa uye yakanyanya mukana wekusimudzira. Iwo makuru mabhatiri e-lithium-ion. Iwo anoshandiswa muzviitiko kubva pamaminitsi kusvika kumaawa.
2. Mamiriro ekushandisa ekuchengetedza simba
Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba kune hupfumi hwemashandisirwo mamiriro musimba remagetsi. Kuchengetera magetsi kune matatu mashandisirwo makuru: kugadzirwa kwemagetsi, grid, uye vashandisi. Vari:
Simba idzva rekugadzira magetsi rakasiyana nemhando dzechinyakare. Inobatwa nemamiriro ezvinhu echisikigo. Izvi zvinosanganisira chiedza uye tembiricha. Kubuda kwemagetsi kunosiyana nemwaka uye zuva. Kugadzirisa simba kukuda hazvibviri. Icho chitubu chemagetsi chisina kugadzikana. Kana iyo yakaiswa simba kana simba rekugadzira chikamu chinosvika pane imwe nhanho. Ichakanganisa kugadzikana kwegedhi remagetsi. Kuchengetedza hurongwa hwemagetsi hwakachengeteka uye hwakagadzikana, iyo itsva simba system inoshandisa zvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza simba. Ivo vanozobatanazve kune grid kuti vatsvedzere kubuda kwesimba. Izvi zvinoderedza kukanganisa kwesimba idzva resimba. Izvi zvinosanganisira photovoltaic uye simba remhepo. Iwo anopindirana uye anochinja. Ichagadzirisawo matambudziko ekushandiswa kwemagetsi, semhepo uye kusiiwa kwakareruka.
Tsika dhizaini dhizaini uye kuvaka kunotevera iyo yakanyanya kuremerwa nzira. Vanodaro padivi regridi. Ndozvazvinoita kana uchivaka grid nyowani kana kuwedzera huwandu. Midziyo yacho inofanirwa kufunga nezvekuremerwa kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinotungamira kumitengo yakakwira uye yakaderera kushandiswa kwezvinhu. Kusimuka kwegridi-parutivi simba rekuchengetedza kunogona kutyora yepakutanga yakanyanya kuremerwa nzira. Paunenge uchigadzira grid nyowani kana kuwedzera imwe yekare, inogona kuderedza grid congestion. Inokurudzirawo kuwedzera nekusimudzira michina. Izvi zvinochengetedza mari yekudyara grid uye inovandudza kushandiswa kweasset. Kuchengetera magetsi kunoshandisa midziyo semutakuri mukuru. Inoshandiswa pamagetsi ekugadzira uye grid mativi. Inonyanya kushandiswa kune simba rinopfuura 30kW. Vanoda huwandu hwechigadzirwa chepamusoro.
Masisitimu emagetsi matsva kudivi remushandisi anonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira nekuchengetedza simba. Izvi zvinoderedza mari yemagetsi uye inoshandisa kuchengetedza kwesimba kudzikamisa simba. Panguva imwecheteyo, vashandisi vanogonawo kushandisa masimba ekuchengetedza magetsi kuchengetedza magetsi kana mitengo yakaderera. Izvi zvinoita kuti vaderedze kushandisa kwavo magetsi egridi kana mitengo yakwira. Vanogonawo kutengesa magetsi kubva mugadziriro yekuchengetedza kuti vaite mari kubva pamatengo epamusoro uye emupata. Mushandisi-divi rekuchengetedza simba rinoshandisa makabati semutakuri mukuru. Inokodzera zvikumbiro mumapaki eindasitiri uye ekutengesa uye akagoverwa photovoltaic magetsi zviteshi. Aya ari muchikamu chemagetsi e1kW kusvika ku10kW. Kuwanda kwechigadzirwa kwakaderera.
3. Iyo "source-grid-load-storage" system ndeye yakawedzera application mamiriro ekuchengetedza simba.
Iyo "source-grid-load-storage" system inzira yekushanda. Inosanganisira mhinduro ye "simba sosi, gidhi remagetsi, mutoro, uye kuchengetedza simba". Inogona kuwedzera simba rekushandisa simba uye grid kuchengetedza. Inogona kugadzirisa matambudziko senge grid volatility mukushandiswa kwesimba kwakachena. Mune ino system, tsime ndiro simba rekupa. Inosanganisira simba rinogona kushandiswazve, sezuva, mhepo, uye simba remvura. Inosanganisirawo simba rechinyakare, rakadai semarasha, oiri, uye gasi rechisikigo. Iyo grid ndiyo network yekutumira simba. Inosanganisira mitsara yekufambisa uye magetsi emagetsi emagetsi. Mutoro ndiwo mushandisi wekupedzisira wesimba. Inosanganisira vagari, mabhizinesi, uye zvivakwa zveveruzhinji. Kuchengetedza ndiyo teknolojia yekuchengetedza simba. Inosanganisira midziyo yekuchengetedza uye teknolojia.
Mumagetsi ekare emagetsi, zvidyarwa zvemagetsi zvinopisa ndizvo zvinopa simba. Dzimba nemaindasitiri ndiwo mutoro. Vaviri vari kure kure. Iyo grid yemagetsi inovabatanidza. Inoshandisa hombe, yakabatanidzwa control mode. Iyo chaiyo-nguva yekuenzanisa modhi apo sosi yemagetsi inotevera mutoro.
Pasi pe "neue Leistungssystem", iyo sisitimu yakawedzera kubhadharisa kudiwa kwemotokari nyowani simba se "mutoro" wevashandisi. Izvi zvakawedzera zvakanyanya kudzvanywa pamagetsi emagetsi. Nzira nyowani dzesimba, senge photovoltaics, dzaita kuti vashandisi vave "simba sosi." Zvakare, mota nyowani dzemagetsi dzinoda kuchaja nekukurumidza. Uye, simba idzva rekugadzira magetsi harina kugadzikana. Saka, vashandisi vanoda "kuchengetedza simba" kuti vatsigire maitiro ekugadzira simba ravo uye kushandisa pane grid. Izvi zvinogonesa kushandiswa kwesimba repamusoro uye kuchengetedza magetsi.
Kushandiswa kwesimba idzva kuri kusiyanisa. Vashandisi vava kuda kuvaka mamicrogrids emuno. Izvi zvinobatanidza "masimba emagetsi" (chiedza), "kuchengetedza simba" (kuchengetedza), uye "mitoro" (kuchaja). Ivo vanoshandisa kutonga uye kutaurirana tekinoroji kubata akawanda emagetsi masosi. Vanobvumira vashandisi kugadzira uye kushandisa simba idzva munharaunda. Ivo zvakare vanobatana kune yakakura magetsi grid munzira mbiri. Izvi zvinoderedza maitiro avo pane grid uye zvinobatsira kuenzanisa. Iyo diki microgrid uye kuchengetedza simba ndeye "photovoltaic kuchengetedza uye yekuchaja system". Yakabatanidzwa. Ichi chishandiso chakakosha che "source grid mutoro kuchengetedza".
二. Matarisiro ekushandisa uye kugona kwemusika kweindasitiri yekuchengetedza simba
Chirevo cheCNESA chinoti pakupera kwa2023, huwandu hwese hwekushandisa simba rekuchengetedza mapurojekiti aive 289.20GW. Izvi zvinokwira 21.92% kubva ku237.20GW pakupera kwe2022. Zvose zvakaiswa simba rekuchengetedza simba idzva rakasvika 91.33GW. Uku kuwedzera kwe99.62% kubva mugore rapfuura.
Pakupera kwa2023, huwandu hwakazara hwemapurojekiti ekuchengetedza simba muChina akasvika 86.50GW. Yakanga iri 44.65% kubva ku59.80GW pakupera kwe 2022. Iye zvino vanoita 29.91% yehuwandu hwepasi rose, kusvika 4.70% kubva pakupera kwe 2022. Pakati pavo, pombi yekuchengetedza ine simba rakawanda. Inoita 59.40%. Kukura kwemusika kunouya zvakanyanya kubva mukuchengetedza simba idzva. Izvi zvinosanganisira lithium-ion mabhatiri, lead-acid mabhatiri, uye mweya wakamanikidzwa. Ivo vane huwandu hwakazara hwe34.51GW. Uku kuwedzera kwe163.93% kubva gore rapfuura. Muna 2023, simba idzva rekuchengetedza reChina richawedzera ne21.44GW, kuwedzera kwegore negore kwe191.77%. Kuchengetedzwa kwesimba kutsva kunosanganisira lithium-ion mabhatiri uye mweya wakadzvanywa. Ose ane mazana emapurojekiti egridi-akabatana, megawatt-level.
Tichitarisa kubva pakuronga nekuvakwa kwemapurojekiti matsva ekuchengetedza simba, chengetedzo yesimba nyowani yeChina yave hombe. Muna 2022, kune mapurojekiti 1,799. Iwo akarongwa, ari kuvakwa, kana kuti ari kushanda. Vane huwandu hunosvika 104.50GW. Mazhinji emapurojekiti ekuchengetedza simba matsva anoiswa mukushanda madiki uye ari pakati nepakati. Chiyero chavo chiri pasi pe10MW. Ivo vanoita nezve 61.98% yehuwandu. Mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza magetsi mukuronga uye ari kuvakwa akanyanya kukura. Iwo ari 10MW zvichikwira. Ivo vanoita 75.73% yehuwandu. Mapurojekiti anodarika mazana mana nemazana mana ane zana-megawati ari mumabasa. Vane hwaro uye mamiriro ekuchengetedza simba remagetsi grid.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-22-2024