A pekugara photovoltaic (PV) -storage system inonyanya kuve nePV modules, mabhatiri ekuchengetedza simba, inverters dzekuchengetedza, metering zvishandiso, uye monitoring management system. Chinangwa chayo ndechekuwana simba rekuzviriritira, kuderedza mari yemagetsi, kuderedza kabhoni emissions, nekuvandudza kuvimbika kwesimba. Kugadzira yekugara PV-yekuchengetera sisitimu inzira yakazara inoda kunyatsotariswa kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana kuti ive nechokwadi chekushanda uye kwakagadzikana kushanda.
I. Overview of Residential PV-Storage Systems
Usati watanga kuseta system, zvakakosha kuyera iyo DC insulation kuramba pakati pePV array yekuisa terminal uye pasi. Kana kupikisa kuri kushoma pane U…/30mA (U… inomiririra iyo yakanyanya kubuda voltage yePV array), imwe nhanho yekudzika kana yekudzivirira inofanira kutorwa.
Iwo ekutanga mabasa ekugara PV-kuchengetedza masisitimu anosanganisira:
- Kuzvidyira: Kushandisa simba rezuva kuzadzisa zvido zvesimba remumba.
- Peak-kuveura uye mupata-kuzadza: Kuenzanisa mashandisirwo esimba panguva dzakasiyana kuchengetedza pamitengo yemagetsi.
- Backup simba: Kupa simba rakavimbika panguva yekudzima.
- Emergency power supply: Kutsigira mitoro yakakosha panguva yekutadza kwegridi.
Maitiro ekugadzirisa anosanganisira kuongorora zvinodiwa zvesimba remushandisi, kugadzira PV uye masisitimu ekuchengetedza, kusarudza zvikamu, kugadzirira zvirongwa zvekuisa, uye kutsanangura maitiro ekushanda nekugadzirisa.
II. Demand Analysis uye Kuronga
Energy Demand Analysis
Detailed energy demand analysis yakakosha, kusanganisira:
- Load profiling: Kuziva zvinodikanwa zvesimba zvemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana.
- Kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva: Kusarudza avhareji yekushandiswa kwemagetsi masikati neusiku.
- Mitengo yemagetsi: Kunzwisisa tariff zvimiro kukwidziridza sisitimu yekuchengetedza mutengo.
Nyaya Yokudzidza
| Tafura 1 Huwandu hwehuwandu hwekutakura | |||
| midziyo | Simba | Quantity | Simba rese (kW) |
| Inverter air conditioner | 1.3 | 3 | 3.9kW |
| muchina wekuwacha | 1.1 | 1 | 1.1kW |
| Firiji | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6kW |
| TV | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2kW |
| Hita yemvura | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0kW |
| Random hood | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2kW |
| Mamwe magetsi | 1.2 | 1 | 1.2kW |
| Total | 8.2kW | ||
| Tafura 2 Nhamba dzemitoro yakakosha (off-grid magetsi) | |||
| midziyo | Simba | Quantity | Simba rese (kW) |
| Inverter air conditioner | 1.3 | 1 | 1.3kW |
| Firiji | 0.6 | 1 | 0.6kW |
| Hita yemvura | 1.0 | 1 | 1.0kW |
| Random hood | 0.2 | 1 | 0.2kW |
| Magetsi emwenje, nezvimwewo. | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5kW |
| Total | 3.6kW | ||
- User Profile:
- Zvose zvakabatanidzwa mutoro: 8.2 kW
- Mutoro unokosha: 3.6 kW
- Simba rekushandisa masikati: 10 kWh
- Kushandiswa kwesimba kweusiku: 20 kWh
- System Plan:
- Isa PV-yekuchengetera hybrid system ine masikati PV chizvarwa kusangana mutoro zvinodikanwa uye kuchengetedza rakawandisa simba mumabhatiri ekushandisa husiku. Iyo grid inoshanda seyekuwedzera simba sosi kana PV uye kuchengetedza zvisina kukwana.
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III. Kugadziriswa kweSistimu uye Kusarudzwa kweChikamu
1. PV System Dhizaini
- System Size: Zvichienderana nemushandisi we8.2 kW mutoro uye kushandiswa kwezuva nezuva kwe30 kWh, 12 kW PV array inokurudzirwa. Iri danho rinogona kugadzira 36 kWh pazuva kuzadzisa zvinodiwa.
- PV modules: Shandisa 21 single-crystal 580Wp modules, kuwana simba rakaiswa re 12.18 kWp. Ita shuwa kurongeka kwakakwana kwekunyanya kuratidzwa kwezuva.
Simba guru Pmax [W] 575 580 585 590 595 600 Optimum inoshanda voltage Vmp [V] 43.73 43.88 44.02 44.17 44.31 44.45 Optimum inoshanda ikozvino Imp [A] 13.15 13.22 13.29 13.36 13.43 13.50 Vhura siketi yemagetsi Voc [V] 52.30 52.50 52.70 52.90 53.10 53.30 Short circuit current Isc [A] 13.89 13.95 14.01 14.07 14.13 14.19 Kushanda zvakanaka kwemodhi [%] 22.3 22.5 22.7 22.8 23.0 23.2 Output power tolerance 0~+3% Tembiricha coefficient yesimba guru[Pmax] -0.29%/℃ Tembiricha coefficient yeyakavhurika yedunhu voltage [Voc] -0.25%/℃ Tembiricha coefficient yenguva pfupi yedunhu [Isc] 0.045%/℃ Standard Test Conditions (STC): Chiedza chakasimba 1000W/m², tembiricha yebhatiri 25℃, mhando yemhepo 1.5 2. Energy Storage System
- Battery Capacity: Gadzira 25.6 kWh lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) bhatiri system. Uhu huhu hunovimbisa kuchengetedza kwakakwana kune mitoro yakaoma (3.6 kW) kweanenge maawa manomwe panguva yekudzima.
- Battery Modules: Shandisa modular, stackable dhizaini ine IP65-yakatemerwa enclosures yemukati / yekunze kuisirwa. Imwe neimwe module ine simba re 2.56 kWh, ine gumi modules inoumba iyo yakazara system.
3. Inverter Selection
- Hybrid Inverter: Shandisa 10 kW hybrid inverter ine yakabatanidzwa PV uye kuchengetedza manejimendi. Zvinhu zvakakosha zvinosanganisira:
- Maximum PV input: 15 kW
- Kubuda: 10 kW kune ese ari maviri grid-akasungwa uye off-grid kushanda
- Dziviriro: IP65 chiyero ine grid-off-grid switching nguva <10 ms
4. PV Cable Sarudzo
PV tambo dzinobatanidza solar modules kune inverter kana musanganisi bhokisi. Vanofanirwa kutsungirira tembiricha yakakwira, kuratidzwa kweUV, uye mamiriro ekunze.
- EN 50618 H1Z2Z2-K:
- Imwe-musimboti, yakatemerwa 1.5 kV DC, ine yakanakisa UV uye kuramba mamiriro ekunze.
- TÜV PV1-F:
- Inochinjika, inodzora murazvo, ine tembiricha yakakura (-40°C kusvika +90°C).
- UL 4703 PV Wire:
- Kaviri-insulated, yakanakira padenga remba uye pasi-yakaiswa masisitimu.
- AD8 Inoyangarara Solar Cable:
- Kunyura uye kusapinda mvura, kwakakodzera kune hunyoro kana nharaunda dzemvura.
- Aluminium Core Solar Cable:
- Yakareruka uye inodhura-inoshanda, inoshandiswa mukumisikidzwa kwakakura.
5. Energy Storage Cable Selection
Tambo dzekuchengetedza dzinobatanidza mabhatiri kune inverters. Vanofanira kubata mafungu akakwirira, kupa kugadzikana kwekupisa, uye kuchengetedza kutendeseka kwemagetsi.
- UL10269 uye UL11627 Cables:
- Mudhuri wakatetepa wakavharirwa, unodzoreredza murazvo, uye wakakora.
- XLPE-Isulated Cables:
- High voltage (kusvika ku1500V DC) uye kupisa kwekudzivirira.
- High-Voltage DC Cables:
- Yakagadzirirwa kubatanidza mabhatiri module uye mabhazi akakwira-voltage.
Yakakurudzirwa Cable Specifications
Cable Type Yakakurudzirwa Model Application PV Cable EN 50618 H1Z2Z2-K Kubatanidza PV modules kune inverter. PV Cable UL 4703 PV Wire Kuiswa pamusoro pedenga kunoda kukwirisa insulation. Energy Storage Cable UL 10269, UL 11627 Compact battery connections. Shielded Storage Cable EMI Shielded Battery Cable Kuderedza kupindira mune dzakaoma masisitimu. High Voltage Cable XLPE-Isulated Cable High-current connections mumabhatiri systems. Inoyangarara PV Cable AD8 Inoyangarara Solar Cable Mvura-inoda mvura kana kuti ine mwando.
IV. Kubatanidzwa kweSystem
Batanidza PV modules, kuchengetedza simba, uye inverters mune yakakwana system:
- PV System: Dhizaina modhi dhizaini uye ive nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwechimiro neakakodzera ekukwira masisitimu.
- Energy Storage: Isa modular mabhatiri ane yakakodzera BMS (Battery Management System) yekubatanidza yekutarisa-nguva chaiyo.
- Hybrid Inverter: Batanidza PV arrays uye mabhatiri kune inverter yekusagadzikana simba manejimendi.
V. Kuiswa uye Maintenance
Installation:
- Site Assessment: Ongorora matenga edzimba kana nzvimbo dzepasi kuti dzinoenderana nechimiro uye kuratidzwa kwezuva.
- Equipment Installation: Nekuchengetedza PV modules, mabhatiri, uye inverters.
- System Testing: Simbisa kubatanidza magetsi uye ita bvunzo dzekushanda.
Maintenance:
- Routine Inspections: Tarisa tambo, mamodule, uye inverters zvekupfeka kana kukuvara.
- Kuchenesa: Nguva dzose kuchenesa PV modules kuchengetedza kushanda zvakanaka.
- Remote Monitoring: Shandisa maturusi esoftware kuteedzera mashandiro ehurongwa uye kugadzirisa zvigadziriso.
VI. Mhedziso
Iyo yakanyatsogadzirwa yekugara PV-yekuchengetedza sisitimu inopa kuchengetedza kwesimba, mabhenefiti ezvakatipoteredza, uye kuvimbika kwesimba. Kunyatsosarudzwa kwezvikamu zvakaita sePV modules, mabhatiri ekuchengetedza simba, inverters, uye tambo inovimbisa kushanda kwehurongwa uye hupenyu hurefu. Nokutevera kuronga kwakakodzera,
kuisirwa, uye kugadzirisa mapuroteni, varidzi vedzimba vanogona kuwedzera mabhenefiti ekudyara kwavo.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-24-2024